Meghnad Saha is known for his contribution in which one of the following fields ?

Meghnad Saha was a pioneering Indian astrophysicist whose most significant contribution to science was the formulation of the Saha ionization equation in 1920 [c1][t4]. This mathematical equation bridged atomic physics and astrophysics, allowing scientists to relate the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to its temperature and pressure [t3][t10]. His work revolutionized stellar spectroscopy by enabling astronomers to deduce the physical conditions and chemical compositions of stars [t2][t4]. Beyond his theoretical work, Saha established the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kolkata and contributed to the field of statistical mechanics [c1][t5]. His research on thermal ionization and selective radiation pressure earned him international acclaim in the physics community, making him a central figure in 20th-century Indian science [t8][t9]. Therefore, his primary field of contribution is Physics, specifically within the sub-disciplines of astrophysics and thermal physics.

Sources

1. [1] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 11: Keeping Time with the Skies > Meghnad Saha (1893–1956) > p. 183