Question map
In nature, how is nitrogen of the atmosphere made available for the plant growth ?
Explanation
Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is highly inert due to its triple covalent bond and is inaccessible to most organisms directly [t1, t2]. In nature, it is made available for plant growth primarily through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a process carried out by specialized prokaryotes known as bacteria [t1, t4]. These include symbiotic bacteria like Rhizobium, which form nodules on the roots of leguminous plants, and free-living bacteria such as Azotobacter and Clostridium [c1, c2, t3]. These bacteria utilize the enzyme nitrogenase to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia (NH3) or nitrates, which plants can readily assimilate for protein and nucleotide synthesis [c5, t1, t6]. While fungi and earthworms play vital roles in nutrient cycling and soil structure, they do not possess the metabolic pathways to fix atmospheric nitrogen [c3, t5]. Viruses are non-cellular entities and do not participate in nitrogen fixation [t5].
Sources
- [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 2: Functions of an Ecosystem > s r n r u l z N ,- / & f . -. : : u ' , \ S ACADEMY * d 6 # . , r '' t u f Y l ' ' J * w { d ) / u Y . / > p. 20
- [2] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY > The Nitrogen Cycle > p. 20
- [3] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Geomorphic Processes > Biological Activity > p. 45
- [4] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 20: Earths Atmosphere > Life-giving gases > p. 280
- [5] https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/biological-nitrogen-fixation-23570419/
- [6] https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/biogeochemical-cycles/a/the-nitrogen-cycle