The office of Lokpal and Lokayukta in India is based on the concept of Ombudsman in Scandinavia, as stated in option 2. An Ombudsman is an independent and neutral authority responsible for ensuring transparency, accountability, and fairness in the functioning of the government. They act as a watchdog and investigate complaints against public officials and agencies.

In India, the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act was passed in 2013 to establish the institution of the Lokpal at the central level and Lokayuktas at the state level. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas function similarly to the concept of the Ombudsman in Scandinavia. They have the authority to receive complaints from citizens, initiate inquiries, and conduct investigations against public servants, including the Prime Minister, Ministers, Members of Parliament, and government officials.

The primary objective of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas is to combat corruption and ensure public accountability. By drawing inspiration from the Ombudsman model in Scandinavia, India aims to create an effective and independent anti-corruption institution that upholds integrity and transparency in governance.

Alert - correct answer should be 1.