The ‘Panchsheel Agreement’ for peaceful coexistence was signed between

The Panchsheel Agreement, formally known as the 'Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India', was signed on April 29, 1954, between India and China [2]. The agreement's preamble enunciated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence [1]. These principles were further solidified in June 1954 during a joint statement by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai [3]. While the agreement initially focused on trade relations regarding Tibet, it became a cornerstone of India's foreign policy and was later adopted by the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations General Assembly [5]. Despite its idealistic foundations, the agreement's practical efficacy declined following the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the subsequent 1962 Sino-Indian War.

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 36: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy > Panchsheel > p. 623
2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 88: Foreign Policy > El l Panchsheel > p. 609
3. [3] Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Indi External Relations > Peace and conflict with China > p. 58
4. [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Sino-Indian_Agreement