Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or organizations to file lawsuits on behalf of the public interest, seeking remedies for violations of rights or issues affecting a larger section of society. PIL originated in India and has been adopted in other countries as well.

Option 1: Judicial review refers to the power of the judiciary to review laws, actions, or decisions of the executive or legislative branches of the government. Although PIL cases may involve judicial review, it is not directly linked to PIL.

Option 2: Judicial activism refers to the proactive role taken by the judiciary in addressing social, economic, or political issues. PIL is closely linked with judicial activism, as it allows the courts to play an active role in protecting the public interest and enforcing rights.

Option 3: Judicial intervention refers to the interference of the judiciary in matters that are within the domain of other branches of government. PIL can be seen as a form of judicial intervention as it allows individuals to approach the courts to seek redress for issues relevant to the public interest.

Option 4: Judicial sanctity refers to the respect and adherence to the power and authority of the judiciary. Although PIL cases require the judiciary to exercise its authority, it is not directly linked to judicial sanctity.

In