The correct answer is option 2: Orographic rainfall.
The rain shadow effect occurs when moist air from a water body, such as an ocean, encounters a mountain range. As the air rises over the mountains, it cools and condenses, resulting in precipitation on the windward side of the range. This is known as orographic rainfall.
On the leeward side of the mountains, however, the air descends and warms up. This warming process causes the moisture in the air to evaporate, leading to a drier and rain-free area. This phenomenon is known as the rain shadow effect.
Option 1, cyclonic rainfall, refers to precipitation that occurs due to the movement of cyclones or low-pressure weather systems. Option 3, convectional rainfall, refers to rainfall that is caused by the heating and cooling of air near the Earth`s surface. Option 4, frontal rainfall, occurs when warm and cold air masses collide, resulting in precipitation.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 2: Orographic rainfall, as it is directly linked to the rain shadow effect.