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Rate of evaporation increases with-
Explanation
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon where liquid molecules gain enough kinetic energy to escape into the gaseous state. The rate of evaporation is directly proportional to the surface area; as the area of the evaporating surface increases, more molecules are exposed to the air, facilitating a faster transition to vapor [2]. Conversely, other factors mentioned in the options have an inverse relationship or different effects: an increase in humidity decreases the rate because the air is already near its moisture-holding capacity [1]. A decrease in wind speed reduces evaporation because the saturated air layer above the surface is not replaced by drier air [1]. Similarly, a decrease in temperature lowers the kinetic energy of molecules, thereby reducing the evaporation rate. Therefore, only an increase in surface area leads to an increase in the rate of evaporation.
Sources
- [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 24: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle) > Factors Affecting Rate of Evaporation > p. 328
- [2] https://www.fao.org/4/x0490e/x0490e04.htm