The Surat Split was an important event in the Indian National Congress that occurred in 1907, marking a key division within the party. The split was the result of a clash between the moderates, led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and the extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. This event occurred relatively early in the Indian Freedom Struggle.

The Lucknow Pact, on the other hand, was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League in 1916. This pact aimed to bring Hindus and Muslims together in their demand for self-government and was a significant step towards Hindu-Muslim unity in the fight for independence.

The Rowlatt Satyagraha was a protest against the repressive Rowlatt Act of 1919. This act gave the British government sweeping powers to suppress political activities and curtail civil liberties. The satyagraha, led by Mahatma Gandhi, involved non-violent civil disobedience and marked a major turning point in the freedom struggle.

The Communal Award, introduced by the British government in 1932, was a policy that aimed to grant separate electorates for different religious communities, particularly the depressed classes. This decision caused further division along communal lines and was met with