The shape of a population pyramid is determined by analyzing the distribution of population by age and gender. In the case of India, the shape of the population pyramid is described as having a broad base and a tapered top, which corresponds to option 3.

A broad base indicates a large proportion of young people in the population, while a tapered top indicates a lower proportion of older individuals. This suggests that India has a relatively large population of young people and a lower proportion of older individuals.

The broad base can be attributed to factors such as high birth rates and improving healthcare, which have led to a larger number of younger individuals. On the other hand, the tapered top can be influenced by factors such as lower life expectancy and lower birth rates in previous generations.

Overall, the shape of the population pyramid in India indicates a youthful population with potential implications for economic and social development. It highlights the importance of policies and programs targeted towards the needs and well-being of the younger population.