Statement I : The Communists left the AH India Trade Union Congress in 193 1. Statement I : By 1928, the Communists were no longer working with the mainstream national movement,

Statement I is true as the Communists left the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1931 to form the Red Trade Union Congress (RTUC) [1]. This followed an earlier split in 1929 when moderate leaders like N.M. Joshi departed [1]. Statement II is also true and provides the correct explanation for this shift. Following the Sixth Congress of the Communist International in 1928, the Comintern adopted a 'left-sectarian' line, directing communists worldwide to break ties with 'national reformist' movements like the Indian National Congress. Consequently, by 1928, Indian communists shifted away from the mainstream national movement, viewing it as bourgeois. This ideological isolationism directly led to the fragmentation of the trade union movement and the eventual 1931 split from the AITUC as they sought to establish independent, radical class-based organizations [1].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.jstor.org/stable/3024423