Statement I: Temperatures of countries like United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands and Denmark are higher as compared to places located on similar latitudes during the winter. Statement II : United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands and Denmark are located on the coast.

Statement I is true because countries like the United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands, and Denmark experience significantly milder winters compared to regions at similar latitudes, such as Labrador in Canada or parts of Siberia [4]. This is primarily due to the North Atlantic Drift (an extension of the Gulf Stream) and the prevailing Westerlies, which transport warm maritime air and heat into North-West Europe [3]. Statement II is also true as these countries are coastal or maritime districts [3]. However, Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I because being coastal alone does not guarantee warmth; for instance, the coast of Labrador at the same latitude is frozen due to cold currents [1]. The warmth is specifically caused by the warm ocean current and atmospheric circulation, not merely the proximity to the sea [1].

Sources

1. [1] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 14: Climate > FACTORS INFLUENCTNG TEMPERATURE > p. 134
2. [3] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 22: The Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type) Climate > Distribution > p. 207
3. [4] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature > Distribution of Temperature > p. 71
4. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Europe > p. 456