Statement I: Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun, and the. rotation of the Earth. Statement II: Earth rotates from the West towards the East once in 24 hours with respect to the Sun.

Statement I is true as tides are the periodic rise and fall of sea levels primarily caused by the gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun, combined with the centrifugal force arising from Earth's rotation [3]. These forces create tidal bulges that result in high and low tides as different regions pass through them. Statement II is also true; the Earth rotates on its axis from West to East, completing one rotation in approximately 24 hours relative to the Sun (a solar day). However, Statement II does not explain Statement I. The cause of tides (Statement I) is rooted in the differential gravitational pull and the resulting tide-generating forces, whereas Statement II merely describes the direction and period of Earth's rotation. While rotation affects the timing of tides, it is not the fundamental cause of the gravitational phenomenon itself [1].

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 32: Ocean Movements Ocean Currents And Tides > 32.2. Tides > p. 500
2. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 13: Movements of Ocean Water > TIDES > p. 109
3. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 32: Ocean Movements Ocean Currents And Tides > Tidal Bulge: Why There Are Two Tidal Bulges? > p. 501