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The stones formed in human kidney consist mostly of
Explanation
The vast majority of renal calculi are calcium-containing, and calcium oxalate is the single most common stone constituent. Large studies and reviews report that about three-quarters of urinary calculi contain calcium and that roughly half of stones are composed predominantly of calcium oxalate [1]. Clinical resources list calcium oxalate (and less commonly calcium phosphate) as the dominant stone types and explain formation by supersaturation of urine with calcium and oxalate leading to crystal precipitation [3]. The other options listed (sodium acetate, magnesium sulphate, or elemental calcium) are not typical principal compositions of human kidney stones; magnesium-containing infection stones are usually magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and are less frequent.
Sources
- [1] https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/jbioxresearch.0002
- [2] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/kidney-stones
- [3] https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/calcium-kidney-stones