Subhas Chandra Bose started the ‘Azad Hind Radio’ in which of the following countries?

Subhas Chandra Bose established the 'Azad Hind Radio' in Germany as part of the Free India Centre in Berlin [1]. The radio service commenced its operations on January 7, 1942, broadcasting shortwave messages to encourage Indians to revolt against British colonial rule [1]. Initially funded by the German government, the station broadcast news bulletins in multiple Indian languages, including Bengali, Tamil, and Marathi, to reach a wide audience. While the headquarters were later shifted to Singapore and Rangoon following the progress of the war in Southeast Asia, the radio's origin and first regular broadcasts were firmly rooted in Berlin, Germany [2]. It was through this medium that Bose famously refuted rumors of his death and declared war against British imperialism [2].

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 23: Quit India Movement, Demand for Pakistan, and the INA > The Indian National Army and Subhash Bose > p. 457
2. [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: Last Phase of Indian National Movement > Options for Congress in the wake of Pearl Harbor Attack > p. 87