The summer and winter seasons in a year are caused by

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Q: 99 (NDA-I/2014)
The summer and winter seasons in a year are caused by

question_subject: 

Geography

question_exam: 

NDA-I

stats: 

0,91,41,21,18,2,91

keywords: 

{'winter seasons': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'summer': [1, 0, 0, 0], 'annual revolution': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'solar insolation': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'perihelion': [3, 0, 0, 0], 'sun': [3, 0, 0, 6], 'aphelion': [3, 0, 1, 2], 'year': [27, 4, 33, 49], 'rotation': [1, 0, 0, 2], 'earth': [0, 1, 1, 1], 'axis': [0, 0, 0, 1]}

The correct answer is option 4: revolution of the Earth on its inclined axis.

The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, and its axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees with respect to its orbital plane. This tilt causes different parts of the Earth to be more or less inclined towards the Sun at different times of the year.

During the summer season, the hemisphere that is tilted towards the Sun receives more direct sunlight and experiences longer days, resulting in warmer temperatures. On the other hand, during the winter season, the hemisphere that is tilted away from the Sun receives less direct sunlight and experiences shorter days, leading to colder temperatures.

Option 1, aphelion (farthest) and perihelion (nearest) positions of the Earth from the Sun during the annual revolution, is incorrect because while the distance between the Earth and the Sun does vary slightly throughout the year, it is not the primary cause of the changing seasons.

Option 2, rotation of the Earth on its axis, is incorrect because the rotation of the Earth only causes the alternation of day and night, not the changing of seasons.

Option 3, variation in solar insolation, is related to the cause of the changing seasons, but it is