Thermal capacity of a body depends on the

The correct answer is Option 1. Thermal capacity (or heat capacity) is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an entire body by one degree Celsius or Kelvin.

Mathematically, Thermal Capacity (C) is the product of the mass (m) of the body and its specific heat capacity (s), expressed as C = m × s. Since specific heat capacity is an intrinsic property of the material, for a given substance, the thermal capacity depends directly and solely on the mass of the body.

• Shape: Physical dimensions or geometry do not affect the total heat energy a body can store.
• Density: While density relates mass to volume, it is the total mass present that determines heat absorption.
• Temperature: Thermal capacity is a property of the body itself, not its current thermal state.

Therefore, among the given choices, mass is the only fundamental variable determining thermal capacity.