Transformers are used in between the electric power stations and homes or factories in order to

Transformers are primarily used in power transmission to minimize power loss in transmission cables. According to the Joule heating effect, power loss in a conductor is proportional to the square of the current (P = I²R) [t1]. By using step-up transformers at power stations, the voltage is significantly increased, which simultaneously reduces the current for a given amount of power [t1][t2]. Since the current is lower, the energy dissipated as heat in the transmission lines is greatly reduced, allowing for efficient long-distance transport [c2][t6]. Once the electricity reaches substations near homes or factories, step-down transformers are used to reduce the voltage to safe, usable levels (e.g., 220V-240V) for consumption [c3][t1]. This system ensures that energy generated at distant plants reaches users with negligible energy loss [c2][t5].

Sources

1. [1] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 27: Fuel and Power > Uses and advantages > p. 273
2. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current > What you have learnt > p. 206