Turpentine oil in paints is used as a

Turpentine oil is primarily used as a thinner or solvent in oil paints. Its main function is to increase the fluidity and workability of the paint, making it easier to apply to surfaces [1]. As a volatile liquid, it helps the paint penetrate porous surfaces and adjusts the consistency of the paint film [1]. While the base (like white lead) provides the body and the vehicle (like linseed oil) acts as the binder, turpentine acts as the diluent to reduce viscosity [1]. It is considered the most common thinner in traditional oil painting [1]. Although it can slightly accelerate drying times compared to some other spirits, its classification in paint composition is strictly as a solvent or thinner rather than a drier or pigment [1]. Excessive use of turpentine can dull the colors and reduce the protective value of the paint film [1].