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The characteristic features described in the question - use of white marble, long legs and slender frames, human beings as central characters, and prominence of kings, princesses, and palaces - are associated with the Amaravati School of Art. The Amaravati School of Art is an ancient art form of India that originated in the town of Amaravati in present-day Andhra Pradesh. It flourished during the period of the Satavahana dynasty, from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE.
The Amaravati School of Art is known for its distinctive style, which is characterized by the use of white marble as a medium for sculptures. The sculptures are carved with intricate details, especially in the representation of the human form. Figures in Amaravati art are depicted with long legs and slender frames, giving them an elegant and graceful appearance. The art form often portrays scenes from the life of Buddha, as well as stories from Hindu mythology.
It is important to note that the other options listed - Gandhara School of Art, Mathura School of Art, and Pahari School of Art - have their own unique characteristics and are associated with different regions and time periods in Indian art history.