Question map
The valency of phosphorus is ________.
Explanation
Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, with an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 5. Since it has five electrons in its outermost shell, it can achieve stability by either gaining three electrons to complete its octet or by sharing its valence electrons [2]. In compounds like PF3, phosphorus is trivalent because it uses three of its five valence electrons for bonding. However, phosphorus can also expand its valence shell due to the presence of vacant d-orbitals, allowing it to utilize all five valence electrons. This results in a pentavalent state, as seen in compounds like PF5. Consequently, phosphorus commonly exhibits variable valencies of 3 and 5 [1]. While 3 is its standard valency based on the octet rule, 5 is achieved through hypervalence.
Sources
- [2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/valence-electron
- [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals > 3.3 HOW DO METALS AND NON-METALS REA ALS REACT? > p. 47