What does S & P 500 relate to?

Option 4 is correct. The S&P 500 (Standard & Poor’s 500) is an American stock‑market index made up of 500 large, publicly traded companies and is widely used to represent US equity‑market performance and to serve as a benchmark for investors [1]. It is referenced alongside other national indices (for example, CAC40, DAX, Nikkei, FTSE) when reporting stock‑market price changes, underscoring its role as a broad market index rather than a technology or engineering technique [2]. Therefore S&P 500 does not refer to a supercomputer, an e‑business method, or a bridge‑building technique — it is an index of large-company stocks.

Sources

1. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_500
2. [2] https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/world-development-indicators/series/CM.MKT.INDX.ZG