Question map
What form of Shiva is most prominent in the Brihadeshvara Temple built by the Chola dynasty?
Explanation
The Brihadeshvara Temple at Thanjavur, built by Raja Raja Chola I, is a masterpiece of Chola architecture dedicated to Lord Shiva [1]. While the primary iconic form in the sanctum is the Shivalinga, the temple's iconography and murals prominently feature the Tripurantaka form of Shiva. This specific form, depicting Shiva as the destroyer of the three mythical cities of the asuras, was repeatedly represented in Chola sculpture and painting to provide a warrior aspect to the deity. This helped the Chola rulers gain political legitimacy by aligning the king's martial prowess with Shiva's divine power. The temple also contains exceptional paintings of Tripurantaka riding a chariot driven by Brahma. Other forms like Nataraja were also significant in Chola bronze traditions, but Tripurantaka remains the most prominent thematic representation in the context of royal Chola temple iconography.
Sources
- [1] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions > 2.4 Relations with the state > p. 146