What is the phenomenon of ejection of electrons when the surface of metal is irradiated, known as

The phenomenon of ejection of electrons from a metal surface when it is irradiated with light of sufficient frequency is known as the photoelectric effect [t1][t5]. This process occurs when incident photons transfer their energy to electrons within the metal; if the photon energy exceeds the metal's work function, the electron is liberated [t4][t5]. Albert Einstein explained this in 1905 by proposing that light consists of discrete energy quanta called photons [t5][t6]. In contrast, the Compton effect involves the scattering of photons by electrons, the Zeeman effect refers to the splitting of spectral lines in a magnetic field, and the photovoltaic effect involves the generation of voltage in a material upon exposure to light. The photoelectric effect specifically describes the emission of electrons (photoelectrons) into space or a vacuum from a material surface [t1][t6].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/photoelectric-effect