Which among the following monoculture crops provide(s) immediate cash to the farmers? 1. Tea in Assam 2. , Rubber in Africa 3. Sugarcane in Malaysia 4. Coffee in Brazil Select the correct answer using the code given below : Code :

Monoculture plantation crops are large-scale commercial farming systems where a single crop is grown for the market, providing immediate cash income to farmers [c2, c3]. These crops serve as raw materials for industries and are often export-oriented [c2, t1]. Tea in Assam is a primary example of a plantation crop in India grown specifically for trade [2]. Similarly, coffee in Brazil is a world-renowned monoculture cash crop that drives significant export earnings [3]. While rubber is a major cash crop in Southeast Asia (like Malaysia and Indonesia) and parts of Africa, and sugarcane is a vital cash crop in India and Brazil, the specific pairings in the options—sugarcane in Malaysia and rubber in Africa—are less representative of the dominant global monoculture patterns compared to the iconic associations of Tea-Assam and Coffee-Brazil [c3, t5, t6]. Therefore, options 1 and 4 are the most accurate representations of these systems.

Sources

1. [2] NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation > Commercial Farming > p. 80
2. [3] https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/ec6cc8b9-b1f8-4f4d-aecb-46c111929c2b/1/Mann2023GreenhouseGas.pdf