Which among tho following statements arc correct with regard to the Portuguese in India? I. They had the monopoly over the Eastern trade in the 16th Century II. They possessed Mumbai in the beginning III. They had trading settlements at Cochin, Diu and Daman IV. The Mugbals denied them any trading concessions Select the correct answer using the code give below

The Portuguese established a significant presence in India during the 16th century. Statement I is correct as they held a monopoly over the profitable Eastern spice trade for nearly a century [4]. Statement II is accurate; the Portuguese possessed Mumbai (Bombay) from 1534 until it was gifted to the British Crown in 1661 [3]. Statement III is also correct, as they established key trading settlements and fortresses at Cochin, Diu, and Daman to control maritime routes [4]. Statement IV is incorrect because the Mughals did not deny them all concessions; in fact, the Portuguese maintained a presence in areas like Hugli under Mughal oversight and often negotiated trade terms, though their naval power sometimes bypassed land-based authority [5]. Therefore, statements I, II, and III are correct.

Sources

1. [2] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 3: The Beginnings of European Settlements > The Beginnings of European Settlements > p. 49
2. [4] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 16: The Coming of the Europeans > Introduction > p. 243
3. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > European Factories/Settlements during Mughal Rule > p. 209
4. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 3: Advent of the Europeans in India > Portuguese State > p. 28