Which of the following acids is a mineral acid?

Acids are broadly classified into mineral (inorganic) and organic acids. Mineral acids are derived from inorganic minerals and typically lack carbon in their chemical structure. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a prominent example of a mineral acid, commonly used in laboratories and found naturally in the stomach. It is a strong, monoprotic acid that dissociates completely in water [1]. In contrast, organic acids are naturally occurring compounds that contain carbon. Citric acid is found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges [3]. Ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C, is an organic acid and antioxidant found in various fruits and vegetables. Tartaric acid is an organic acid naturally present in tamarind and grapes [2]. Therefore, among the given options, only hydrochloric acid is a mineral acid.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/hydrochloric-acid
2. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts > Table 2.3 Some naturally occurring acids > p. 28
3. [3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/organic-acid