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Q53 (NDA-II/2013) Geography › World Physical Geography › Ocean-atmosphere oscillations Answer Verified

Which of the following are the results of El Nino? 1. Reduction in the amount of planktons which further reduces the number of fish in the sea. 2. Irregularities in the evaporation of sea water. 3. Distortion of equatorial atmospheric circulation. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: D
Explanation

El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), characterized by the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific [6]. This phenomenon has significant biological and physical impacts. First, it suppresses the normal upwelling of nutrient-rich cold water, leading to a drastic reduction in phytoplankton (plankton) populations, which causes starvation in the marine food web and a subsequent decline in fish populations [7]. Second, the anomalous warming of sea surface temperatures (SST) creates irregularities in evaporation and precipitation patterns, leading to heavy rains in some regions and severe droughts in others [5]. Third, El Niño is intrinsically linked to the Southern Oscillation, which involves a see-saw shift in surface air pressure and a distortion of the equatorial atmospheric circulation, specifically affecting the Walker Circulation and general atmospheric patterns [5]. Therefore, all three statements are correct results of El Niño.

Sources

  1. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > el nino (southern oscillation) and indian Monsoon > p. 54
  2. [6] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12176
  3. [4] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 29: El Nino, La Nina & El Nino Modoki > Effects of El Nino & ENSO > p. 414
  4. [7] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/el-nino/
  5. [5] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > Possible Causes of El-Nino > p. 13
  6. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 29: El Nino, La Nina & El Nino Modoki > El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) > p. 413
  7. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 9: Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems > General Atmospheric Circulation and its Effects on Oceans > p. 80
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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-I · 2022 · Q74 Relevance score: 4.40

Which one of the following is not a resultant of the El Nino effect ?

IAS · 2010 · Q4 Relevance score: -2.11

A new type of El Nino called El Nino Modoki appeared in the news. In this context, consider the following statements: 1. Normal El Nino forms in the Central Pacific ocean whereas El-Nino Modoki forms in Eastern Pacific ocean. 2. Normal EI Nino results in diminished hurricanes in the Atlantic ocean but El Nino Modoki results in a greater number of hurricanes with greater frequency. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

NDA-II · 2010 · Q2 Relevance score: -2.40

Which among the following statements characterized El Nino? I. It occurs at irregular intervals II. It carriers warmer water III. It carries less saline water IV. Its atmospheric equivalent is southern oscillation Select the correct answer using the code given below

NDA-II · 2012 · Q88 Relevance score: -2.81

Consider the following statements regarding El Nino effect on Indian monsoon: 1. The surface temperature goes up in the Southern Pacific Ocean and there is dificient rainfall in India. 2. The Walker Circulation shifts Eastward from its normal position and reduces monsoon rainfall in India. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

CAPF · 2008 · Q100 Relevance score: -4.51

Which one of the following descriptions denotes the phenomenon of E1 Nino ?