The correct answer is option 3, which is "1 and 4". This means that typhoid (option 1) and hepatitis A (option 4) are waterborne diseases.
Typhoid is caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi, which is usually found in contaminated water and food. It is transmitted through the consumption of contaminated water or food that has been polluted by the feces or urine of people infected with the bacteria.
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is transmitted primarily through the consumption of contaminated water or food that has been contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices, such as inadequate handwashing after using the toilet, can contribute to the spread of the virus.
Tuberculosis (option 3) is not a waterborne disease. It is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Hepatitis B (option 2) is also not a waterborne disease. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids, such as semen or vaginal fluids, through activities like unprotected sex, sharing needles, or mother-to-child transmission during childbirth.
Therefore, the correct answer is