Which of the following diseases is not caused by viruses ?

Cholera is an infectious bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae [1][t1]. It primarily affects the small intestine and is typically transmitted through contaminated water or food [c1][t5]. In contrast, the other options are viral in origin. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus [t5][t7]. Hepatitis refers to liver inflammation, with the most common types (A, B, C, D, and E) being caused by various hepatitis viruses [t2][t5][t10]. Measles is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the measles virus (morbillivirus) [t4][t5]. While cholera is a waterborne disease often grouped with other pathogens in general discussions of pollution [c4], its specific causative agent is strictly classified as a bacterium, distinguishing it from the viral nature of chickenpox, hepatitis, and measles [t2][t5].

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > Cholera > p. 80