Which of the following divides India into Northern and ‘Southern parts?

The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30'N) is the significant latitude that passes through the middle of India, effectively dividing the country into almost two equal northern and southern parts [4]. It stretches from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east, passing through eight Indian states. This division is climatically significant: the region lying south of the Tropic of Cancer falls within the tropical zone, characterized by high temperatures and a small annual range, while the area to its north lies in the sub-tropical or temperate zone, experiencing more extreme climatic variations [2]. In contrast, the Equator lies south of the Indian mainland, and the Tropic of Capricorn and Arctic Circle are located far beyond India's geographical boundaries in the southern and northern hemispheres respectively [1].

Sources

1. [4] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > Important Parallels of Latitudes > p. 240
2. [2] CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: Climate > Latitude > p. 27
3. [1] INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate > FACTORS DETERMINING THE CLIMATE OF INDIA > p. 29