Which of the following divides India into Northern and Southern parts?

The Tropic of Cancer (23½° N) is the significant latitude that passes through the central part of India in an east-west direction, effectively dividing the country into two halves [2]. It stretches from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east, passing through eight Indian states including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram [t4]. This division is geographically and climatically significant; the area south of the Tropic of Cancer falls within the tropical zone, characterized by higher temperatures and smaller annual temperature ranges [2]. Conversely, the northern half lies in the sub-tropical or temperate zone, experiencing more extreme climatic conditions [2][c4]. While the Equator (0°) divides the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, it does not pass through India [t8].

Sources

1. [2] CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: Climate > Latitude > p. 27