Which of the following features of the State of Arcot in 18th century South India are correct ? 1. The founders of the dynasty that ruled Arcot were Daud Khan Panni and Sa’adatullah Khan. 2. Arcot became the site of a protracted struggle between the English and Dutch East India Companies from the 1740s. 3. Decentralization was a key feature of the State of Arcot in the 18th century. 4. The other major State to emerge in South India at this time was Mysore. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The State of Arcot, or the Carnatic Sultanate, was founded by Zulfiqar Khan, but its independent dynasty was established by Sa’adatullah Khan I, with Daud Khan Panni serving as a key early Mughal governor [2]. Statement 1 is generally accepted in this context. Statement 2 is incorrect because the protracted struggle for Arcot in the 1740s (the Carnatic Wars) was between the English and the French East India Companies, not the Dutch [4]. Statement 3 is correct as the state was characterized by decentralization, with the Nawab often struggling to collect revenue from powerful local palayakkarars and kaval chiefs who maintained their own influence [1]. Statement 4 is correct as Mysore emerged as the other major regional power in South India during the 18th century, eventually clashing with both Arcot and the British [1]. Thus, statements 3 and 4 are the most accurate descriptions of the state's features.

Sources

1. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_Sultanate
2. [3] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 3: The Beginnings of European Settlements > The Anglo-French Struggle in South India > p. 62
3. [4] https://mis.alagappauniversity.ac.in/siteAdmin/dde-admin/uploads/3/PG_M.A._History%20(English)_HISTORY%20OF%20INDIA%20FROM%201707%20to%2011947%20A.D-32131.pdf
4. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 18: Early Resistance to British Rule > Marudu Brothers and the South Indian Rebellion of 1801 > p. 287