Which of the following is/are among the Fundamental Duties of citizens laid down in the Indian Constitution? 1. To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture 2. To protect the weaker sections from social injustice 3. To develop the scientific temper and spirit of inquiry 4. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

The Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution [2]. Statement 1 is a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(f), which mandates citizens to value and preserve the rich heritage of the country's composite culture. Statement 3 corresponds to Article 51A(h), requiring the development of scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform. Statement 4 is found in Article 51A(j), urging citizens to strive toward excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity. However, Statement 2, regarding the protection of weaker sections from social injustice, is not a Fundamental Duty; rather, it is a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 46, which directs the State to promote the interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections. Therefore, only statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 697
2. [2] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161