Question map
Which of the following is not correct?
Explanation
Geomorphic processes are categorized as constructive or destructive. Destructional activity of waves, such as hydraulic action and abrasion, erodes coastlines to form sea cliffs. Depositional (constructive) activity of wind creates landforms like sand dunes and loess plains [t2]. Soil movement, including mass wasting, is a constructional process in the sense of accumulation, forming features like talus or landslide deposits [t3]. However, Option 4 is incorrect because it conflates processes. While the formation of craters and crater lakes is a destructive volcanic process (involving the collapse or blowing apart of the edifice), the formation of lava plains and plateaus is a constructive process [t1][t3][t6]. Lava plains result from the effusive outpouring and accumulation of fluid basaltic lava, which builds up the land surface rather than destroying it [c2][t1]. Therefore, labeling the formation of lava plains as 'destructional' is geologically inaccurate.
Sources
- [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 11: Volcanism > 1) Hawaiian Eruption > p. 145
- [2] https://www.nps.gov/subjects/volcanoes/volcanoes-volcanic-landforms.htm
- [3] https://wetlandinfo.detsi.qld.gov.au/wetlands/ecology/processes-systems/aeolian-transport/