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To determine which of the following political parties are national political parties, let`s analyze each option and provide a detailed reasoning:
I. Muslim League:
The Muslim League was founded in 1906 as a political party representing the interests of Muslims in British India. However, after the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, the Muslim League primarily operated in Pakistan, where it became one of the major political parties. Since its focus is primarily on Pakistan, it cannot be considered a national political party in the context of India. Therefore, Option 1 is incorrect.
II. Revolutionary Socialist Party:
The Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) is a political party in India that was established in 1940. The RSP has a presence in multiple states across India, including West Bengal, Kerala, and Tripura. It has participated in state-level politics and has had some electoral success. However, its presence and influence are primarily regional rather than national. Therefore, Option 1 is incorrect, and Option 2 is the correct answer.
III. All-India Forward Block:
The All-India Forward Block is a left-wing political party in India that was founded by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939. The party has a presence in several states across India, and it promotes socialism, secularism, and anti-imperialism. While the party has participated in national politics and contested elections at the national level, it has not been able to establish itself as a major national political party. Therefore, Option 1 is incorrect, and Option 2 is the correct answer.
IV. Peasants and Workers Party of India:
The Peasants and Workers Party of India (PWPI) is a communist party that operates mainly in the state of Maharashtra. The party was founded in 1947 and has a significant presence in the western regions of Maharashtra. Although the PWPI has participated in state-level politics and had some electoral success, its influence remains largely regional. Therefore, Option 2 is incorrect.
Based on the detailed reasoning provided above, the correct answer is Option 4: None of the above. None of the given political parties can be considered national political parties as they do not have a substantial presence or influence across the entire nation of India.