Question map
Which of the following sets of newspapers reflected the concerns of educated Indian Muslims during the Khilafat Movement ?
Explanation
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was significantly bolstered by a radical nationalist press that articulated the concerns of educated Indian Muslims. Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, a primary leader of the movement, published 'The Comrade' in English to reach the educated elite and British officials, and 'Hamdard' in Urdu to mobilize the masses. Simultaneously, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s 'Al-Hilal' and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan’s 'Zamindar' played pivotal roles in stirring anti-imperialist sentiments and advocating for the protection of the Caliphate. These journals provided an independent agency for Muslim political thought, shifting the community's focus from the conservative Aligarh school toward militant nationalism and cooperation with the Indian National Congress. While 'Hindustan Times' was a prominent nationalist daily, it was not specifically a primary organ of the Khilafat leadership like the others mentioned.
Sources
- [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 16: Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Aandolan > p. 329