Which of the following statements about Harappa Civilization is/are correct? 1, There is the extraordinary uniformity in artefacts as evident in pottery, seals, bricks and weights. 2, The late Harappa sites also maintained the same construction techniques as were used in mature Harappa sites. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Statement 1 is correct as the Harappan civilization exhibited an extraordinary uniformity in its material culture. Artefacts such as pottery, seals, weights, and bricks show standardized patterns across vast distances, from Jammu to Gujarat [3]. Notably, bricks maintained a uniform ratio of 1:2:4 (thickness:width:length) regardless of whether they were baked or sun-dried [1]. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Late Harappan phase (post-1900 BCE) was a period of decline and de-urbanization [4]. During this 'decadent' phase, the specialized construction techniques of the Mature Harappan period, such as the use of kiln-fired bricks and sophisticated drainage systems, largely disappeared [4]. Late Harappan settlements were generally smaller, lacked large public buildings, and showed a breakdown in the standardization of artefacts and urban planning that characterized the earlier urban phase [5].

Sources

1. [1] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones > 8. Ancient Authority > p. 16
2. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Nomenclature, Phases and Chronology > p. 10
3. [4] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones > Harappan Settlements > p. 2
4. [5] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs101.pdf