Which of the following statements characterise convectional rainfall? 1. It occurs daily in the afternoon in the Equatorial regions. 2. It is of very short duration. 3. It occurs through Cumulonimbus clouds. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Convectional rainfall is primarily driven by intense solar heating of the Earth's surface, which causes warm, moisture-laden air to rise in convection currents [c3, t1]. In equatorial regions, this process occurs almost daily; the intense heating throughout the morning leads to the rapid uplift of air, resulting in heavy thunderstorms typically in the afternoon [c2, t1, t7]. These showers are characterized by their short duration and high intensity [c3, t1, t2]. The rapid and intense vertical convection of humid air builds towering cumulonimbus clouds, which are essential for the formation of these thermal thunderstorms [c1, t2, t7]. Because the air expands and cools adiabatically during its ascent, condensation occurs, forming these clouds of great vertical extent [c3, t2]. Therefore, all three statements—occurrence in the afternoon in equatorial regions, short duration, and association with cumulonimbus clouds—accurately characterize convectional rainfall.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 25: Thunderstorm > Stage 1: Cumulus Stage > p. 342
2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Precipitation > p. 425
3. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 24: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle) > Convectional Rainfall > p. 338