Which of the following statements with regard to the heterodox sect between sixth and fourth century BC are correct? 1. The Jain ideas were already being circulated in the seventh century BC by Parshva. 2. Although Buddhism, and to a lesser extent Jainism, took account of the changes in material life and reacted against orthodoxy, neither of these sought to abolish the caste system. 3. The first female disciple of Mahavira is said to have been a captured slave woman. 4. Buddha held that nuns could attain spiritual liberation just like a monk and granted them an equal status in the mendicant order. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

All four statements are correct based on standard historical references used for the CDS exam:

• Statement 1: Parshvanatha (23rd Tirthankara) is historically dated to the 8th or 7th century BC. His teachings formed the basis for Jain ideas well before Mahavira's time.
• Statement 2: Although they rejected Vedic rituals and Brahminical supremacy, Buddhism and Jainism did not launch a social revolution to abolish the varna/caste system; they provided an alternative path to salvation outside of it.
• Statement 3: Chandana (Chandanbala), traditionally the first woman to be ordained by Mahavira, was a princess of Champa who had been captured and sold as a slave.
• Statement 4: By allowing women into the Sangha and acknowledging their potential for Arhatship/Nirvana, Buddha granted them an institutional and spiritual status that was considered equal to monks in terms of the religious goal.