Which of the following statements with regard to the heterodox sect between sixth and fourth century BC are correct? 1. The Jain ideas were already being circulated in the seventh century BC by Parshva. 2. Although Buddhism, and to a lesser extent Jainism

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Q: 39 (CDS-II/2017)

Which of the following statements with regard to the heterodox sect between sixth and fourth century BC are correct?
1. The Jain ideas were already being circulated in the seventh century BC by Parshva.
2. Although Buddhism, and to a lesser extent Jainism, took account of the changes in material life and reacted against orthodoxy, neither of these sought to abolish the caste system.
3. The first female disciple of Mahavira is said to have been a captured slave woman.
4. Buddha held that nuns could attain spiritual liberation just like a monk and granted them an equal status in the mendicant order.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

question_subject: 

History

question_exam: 

CDS-II

stats: 

0,34,41,34,18,13,10

keywords: 

{'lesser extent jainism': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'jain ideas': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'seventh century bc': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'caste system': [1, 0, 1, 0], 'fourth century bc': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'buddhism': [8, 0, 2, 2], 'first female disciple': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'heterodox sect': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'orthodoxy': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'mendicant order': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'buddha': [1, 0, 1, 5], 'nuns': [0, 0, 0, 2], 'spiritual liberation': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'slave woman': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'monk': [1, 0, 0, 4], 'parshva': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'mahavira': [2, 0, 1, 0], 'equal status': [0, 0, 0, 1]}

The correct answer is option 1, which states that statements 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct regarding the heterodox sect between the sixth and fourth century BC. Let us dissect each option:

Option 2 states that both Buddhism and Jainism reacted against orthodoxy and took account of the changes in material life; however, neither of them sought to abolish the caste system. This statement is correct as both Buddhism and Jainism emphasized the breaking down of societal barriers and promoting equality, but they did not explicitly seek to abolish the caste system.

Option 3 states that the first female disciple of Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, was a captured slave woman. This statement is correct as historical texts mention Chandana, a slave woman, as the first female disciple of Mahavira.

Option 4 states that Buddha believed that nuns could attain spiritual liberation just like monks and granted them equal status in the mendicant order. This statement is correct as Buddha advocated for gender equality within the monastic community and allowed nuns to achieve the same level of spiritual liberation as monks.

Therefore, all the statements mentioned in option 1 are correct, making it the correct answer.