Which of the following statements with respect to the judiciary in India is/are correct ? 1. Unlike in the United States, India has not provided for a double system of courts. 2. Under the Constitution of India, there is a single integrated system of courts for the Union as well as the states. 3. The organisation of the subordinate judiciary varies slightly from state to state. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The Indian Constitution establishes a single integrated judicial system, unlike the United States which follows a double system of courts where federal and state laws are enforced by separate judiciaries [3]. In India, a unified hierarchy exists with the Supreme Court at the apex, followed by High Courts and subordinate courts, all of which enforce both Central and State laws [2]. This confirms statements 1 and 2. Regarding statement 3, while the broad structure of the judiciary is uniform, the organization and nomenclature of the subordinate judiciary vary slightly across different states because they are governed by state-specific regulations and the respective High Courts [t4][t8]. For instance, the designation of civil and criminal courts at the lower level can differ based on state-level enactments [t4]. Thus, all three statements are correct.

Sources

1. [1] Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > II Integrat ed and Independent Judiciary > p. 30
2. [3] Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 14: Federal System > 8. Integrated Judiciary > p. 140
3. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > II Integrated and Independent Judiciary > p. 30