The correct answer is option 1, which is 1853. In this year, the first railway line between Bombay and Thane was laid. Before this railway line was established, transportation between these two cities was primarily done through roads and waterways. The laying of this railway line played a significant role in the development of rail transportation in India. It marked the beginning of the railway era in the country. The line was built by the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) company, which was under the leadership of British engineer Robert Maitland Brereton. The railway line between Bombay and Thane was about 34 kilometers long and was operated by steam locomotives. The construction of this railway line revolutionized transportation and trade between Bombay (now Mumbai) and Thane, making it faster, more efficient, and more reliable. This development also paved the way for the expansion of the railway network across India, connecting various regions and cities, thus contributing to the growth and modernization of the country`s transportation infrastructure.