Which one among the following cell organelles in a Eukaryotic cell is acquired during the process of evolution by entrapment or engulfment of Bacterial cells ?

The endosymbiotic theory, or symbiogenesis, posits that certain eukaryotic organelles originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral host cells [t2][t3]. According to this theory, mitochondria are descended from formerly free-living bacteria, specifically related to Rickettsiales, which were taken inside another cell in a symbiotic relationship [t2][t6]. While chloroplasts (a type of plastid) were also acquired through the engulfment of cyanobacteria, they are specific to plants and algae [t2][t5]. Mitochondria, however, are present in virtually all eukaryotic cells, representing a fundamental step in the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition [t1][t6]. In contrast, peroxisomes are generally not considered to have an endosymbiotic origin [t9], and vacuoles are part of the endomembrane system rather than derived from engulfed bacteria [c2]. Therefore, mitochondria (and chloroplasts) are the primary examples of organelles acquired through bacterial entrapment.

Sources

1. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiogenesis
2. [2] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4571569/
3. [3] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > A step further > p. 13