Which one among the following cities never get the vertical rays of the Sun all through the year ?

The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S) [2]. This region, known as the torrid zone, receives vertical rays as the subsolar point migrates between these two parallels throughout the year [5]. Beyond the Tropic of Cancer, the sun's rays are always slanted, and the mid-day sun never shines directly overhead [3]. Geographically, Chennai (13° N), Mumbai (19° N), and Kolkata (22.6° N) all lie south of the Tropic of Cancer, meaning they receive vertical rays twice a year. In contrast, Srinagar is located at approximately 34° N, which is well north of the Tropic of Cancer [2]. Consequently, Srinagar never experiences the vertical rays of the Sun at any time during the year.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > Latitudinal Heat Zones of The Earth > p. 242
2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > Important Parallels of Latitudes > p. 240
3. [5] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/solstice/
4. [3] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature > Variability of Insolation at the Surface of the Earth > p. 68