Which one among the following is a cold ocean current ?

Ocean currents are classified as warm or cold based on their temperature relative to the surrounding waters. The Canary Current is a cold eastern boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean that flows southward along the coast of North Africa [3]. It is partly fed by the North Atlantic Drift and is characterized by cooler water masses and nutrient-rich upwelling [3]. In contrast, the Brazil Current is a warm western boundary current in the South Atlantic [2]. The Gulf Stream is a powerful warm current in the North Atlantic that significantly influences the climate of the United States' East Coast and Europe [4]. Similarly, the Kuroshio Current (or Japan Current) is a warm western boundary current in the North Pacific that transfers tropical heat toward the polar regions [1]. Therefore, only the Canary Current is a cold current.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 32: Ocean Movements Ocean Currents And Tides > Canary Current – Cold > p. 492
2. [3] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 12: Water (Oceans) > Factors Affecting Temperature Distribution > p. 103
3. [2] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: The Oceans > The Circulation of the Atlantic Ocean > p. 110
4. [4] https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/04currents3.html