Which one among the following is not a feature of centralization ?

Centralization is a system where power and decision-making are concentrated in a single central authority. Key features include uniformity, as the central government often produces 'one size fits all' outcomes to ensure consistency across jurisdictions. It is also instrumental in fostering national unity and nation-building, particularly in the formation of a state or during crises [1]. Centralization can drive prosperity by allowing a central authority to plan economic activities and allocate resources for the society's overall benefit. However, liberty is generally not a feature of centralization. Centralized systems are often described as instruments of despotism that can hinder local autonomy and individual freedoms [1]. In contrast, decentralization is associated with greater political and civil liberties, as it allows for more inclusive, participatory government and local control over one's destiny. Therefore, liberty is considered a feature of decentralization rather than centralization.

Sources

1. [1] Microeconomics (NCERT class XII 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Introduction > 1.3.1 The Centrally Planned Economy > p. 4