Option 1: Polarization - This is not produced by sound waves in air.

Polarization refers to the alignment of the electric field vector of an electromagnetic wave. Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium, such as air, to travel through. Unlike electromagnetic waves, sound waves do not consist of an electric field vector and do not exhibit polarization.

Option 2: Diffraction - Sound waves can diffract, which means they can bend or spread out when passing through an opening or around obstacles. This is a common phenomenon observed with sound waves.

Option 3: Reflection - Sound waves can reflect off surfaces, such as walls, floors, and ceilings. This is why we can hear echoes in certain environments.

Option 4: Refraction - Sound waves can refract, which means they can change direction when passing from one medium to another (e.g., air to water). This bending of sound waves is the basis for phenomena like underwater sounds being heard as distorted or muffled.

In summary, option 1 (Polarization) is not produced by sound waves in air, while options 2 (Diffraction), 3 (Reflection), and 4 (Refraction) are all phenomena associated with sound waves in air.