Which one among the following statements about diastrophism is correct?

Diastrophism refers to the large-scale deformation of the Earth's crust through processes such as folding, faulting, uplift, and subsidence [2]. These endogenic movements are fundamentally classified as slow movements, distinguishing them from sudden movements like volcanic eruptions or major earthquakes [4]. Because diastrophic forces operate over geological timescales, often stretching for thousands of years, they are so gradual that they typically pass unnoticed during a human lifetime [1]. These processes include orogenic (mountain-building) and epeirogenic (continent-building) movements, which involve the slow movement of solid crustal material [2]. While some modern definitions include minor local earthquakes under the umbrella of diastrophism, the primary characteristic of diastrophic forces in geomorphology is their slow, gradual nature compared to catastrophic sudden events [2].

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 6: Geomorphic Movements > Classification of Endogenic Movements > p. 79
2. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Geomorphic Processes > Diastrophism > p. 38
3. [4] https://www.britannica.com/science/diastrophism