Which one among the following types of forests exhibits highest bio-diversity ?

Tropical rain forests (also known as tropical wet evergreen forests) exhibit the highest biodiversity among all forest types. These ecosystems are characterized by a luxuriant growth of vegetation found in wet tropical uplands and lowlands, forming a dense upper canopy that supports a diverse array of life [t6]. In India, these forests are primarily located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Western Ghats, featuring a wide variety of species such as palms, ferns, orchids, and hardwood trees [c1, c3]. While tropical moist deciduous forests are the most widespread in India, covering approximately 37% of the forest area, they exhibit lower species diversity compared to the evergreen and semi-evergreen types [c5, t8]. Tropical rain forests are globally recognized as Earth's richest ecosystems due to their complex structure and high species richness [t6].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.britannica.com/science/tropical-rainforest
2. [2] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > social relevance of forests > p. 21
3. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Biogeographic zones of India > p. 25
4. [4] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Source: Oxford School Atlas, 2011. > p. 20