Question map
Which one among the following was not a demand of the early congress (1885-1905)?
Explanation
During the early phase of the Indian National Congress (1885–1905), known as the Moderate era, the leadership focused on constitutional reforms within the framework of British rule [t6]. Their primary demands included the Indianization of superior administrative services to reduce the drain of wealth, the abolition of the discriminatory Arms Act of 1878, and the expansion and reform of legislative councils to ensure greater Indian participation [c2][t8]. While they aimed for democratic self-government or autonomy within the empire as a long-term goal, they maintained faith in British justice [c2][t6]. In contrast, the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' or complete independence only emerged much later. It was formally adopted as the Congress objective during the historic Lahore session in December 1929 under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, marking a shift from the earlier goal of dominion status [c3][c4][c5].
Sources
- [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 11: Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase > Constitutional Reforms and Propaganda in Legislature > p. 251
- [2] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > Poorna Swaraja > p. 286
- [3] India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > 3 Towards Civil Disobedience > p. 39
- [4] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Calcutta Session of Congress > p. 366
- [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Nationalists