Which one among the following was not a reform measure carried out by Mahmud Gawan of Bahmani Kingdom?

Mahmud Gawan, the Prime Minister of the Bahmani Sultanate, introduced extensive administrative and revenue reforms to centralize power. He divided the existing four provinces into eight tarafs to curb the authority of provincial governors [2]. He implemented a system where nobles were paid fixed salaries, either in cash or through land grants, and were required to maintain specific contingents of horses [2]. Furthermore, he introduced systematic land measurement and valuation to fix land taxes [2]. Crucially, he created a large block of crown land, known as Khalisa, in each province to provide direct revenue for the Sultan's personal expenses and central administration [2]. Option 3 is incorrect because the Khalisa land was specifically set apart for the Sultan's expenses, not for the expenses of the Tarafdar (provincial governor), whose power Gawan was actively trying to curtail.

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > Mohammed Gawan > p. 177
2. [2] https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Vizierate-of-Mahmud-Gawan